Visiting Classrooms: A Design Study to Support Principals’ Instructional Leadership

......................................................................................................................................... 1! List of Figures............................................................................................................................... iv! Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... v! Chapter 1: Design Challenge and the Professional Knowledge Base ..................................... 1! Introduction................................................................................................................................. 1! Design Context: A New Mandate, Little Guidance................................................................... 1! Design Challenge........................................................................................................................ 2! Classroom Visits: History, Effects, and Common Practices ..................................................... 2! Dimensions of Classroom Visits with a Learning Orientation ................................................... 4! Current Approaches to Classroom Visits.................................................................................... 7! Chapter 2: Theory of Action....................................................................................................... 9! Problem and its Causes ............................................................................................................... 9! Design Elements ......................................................................................................................... 9! Theory of Change ..................................................................................................................... 11! Theory of Intervention .............................................................................................................. 12! Theory of Implementation ........................................................................................................ 15! Outcomes .................................................................................................................................. 16! Chapter 3: Research Design and Methodology........................................................................ 17! Unit of Analysis and Case Selection......................................................................................... 17! Data Collection Strategies ........................................................................................................ 18! Data Analysis............................................................................................................................ 22! Avoiding Bias, Ensuring Rigor................................................................................................. 24! Chapter 4: Findings ................................................................................................................... 26! Section I: Design Impact Data Analysis .................................................................................. 26! Design Feasibility ................................................................................................................. 26! Design Impact Findings: Design Elements.......................................................................... 31! Design Impact Conclusions .................................................................................................. 38! Section II: Design Development Data Analysis ...................................................................... 39! Design Feasibility ................................................................................................................. 40! Design Elements: A Focus on Teacher Development ......................................................... 42! Design Development Conclusions ........................................................................................ 50! Section III: Action Research.................................................................................................... 51!